Lactose is the sugar found in milk and other dairy products. Children and adults who are lactose intolerant do not have enough lactase, which is the enzyme needed to digest the milk sugar. This condition is different from a milk allergy in which the milk protein triggers an allergic reaction. Some children are born with a lactose intolerance, while others acquire it as they age. Here’s how you can tell if your child is afflicted and what you can do about it.

Symptoms of Lactose Intolerance

• Diarrhea after eating dairy products
• Gas
• Bloating
• Cramps
• Stomach pain

Steps to Manage the Symptoms

• Cut down on dairy products to see how much your child can tolerate.
• You may need to switch to a lactose-reduced or lactose-free milk.
• Be sure your child gets enough calcium. Feed your child calcium-rich foods like dark green leafy vegetables.
• Talk to your pediatrician about a calcium supplement, if needed.
• Avoid foods with added lactase, including many desserts, candy bars, and baking mixes.
• Over-the-counter enzyme treatments are available and can be taken with dairy products. Check with your pediatrician about the proper dosage.

Children who are born without the lactase enzyme will likely have the condition for the rest of their lives. Some children will develop a lactose intolerance following a stomach virus. This is usually temporary, and they will be able to resume eating and drinking dairy products in a short while.